2025/1 Translation

1. VERBAL NOUNS 

 To leave a concrete impression, verbal nouns with abstract concept (imbuhan pe-an) must be avoided. Replace verbal nouns with verb (untuk me…..). For example: For a further elucidation of this important point we have to turn back to what happened in Java. Translated into: Untuk menerangkan hal yang penting ini lebih lanjut kita harus kembali kepada apa yang terjadi di Pulau Jawa. (instead of Penerangan lebih lanjut …..) It would be better if some verbal nouns in English are replaced with verbs in Indonesian. 

 2. PLURALITY 

 Bahasa Indonesia does not have nominal concord. Plural nouns in English are not necessarily translated into plural nouns in Indonesia (reduplication). For example: Few members support the movement. Translated into: Tidak banyak anggota yang mendukung gerakan itu. Plural nouns are sometimes translated into tiga, seratus, banyak, sedikit, beberapa, para, semua, kaum, sekelompok. 

 3. DEFINITE ARTICLE 

 The definite article in English, i.e. the has Indonesian equivalent: -nya, itu, tersebut, tadi. The is not always translated. e.g. Some of the men work in the prison factory, where they make mailbags but Coke often works in the fields outside. Mereka yang bekerja di pabrik penjara, tempat mereka membuat kantung-kantung surat, Coke kerap kali bekerja di ladang di luar.

    4. INDEFINITE ARTICLE 

The indefinite articles in English are not necessarily translated. A and an are used to describe a general or conceptual nouns. e.g. A dog is an intelligent Anjing binatang yang cerdas. My mother is a teacher in a private school.  ibu saya (adalah) (seorang) guru di (sebuah) sekolah swasta. I haven’t got a real sister. Or a real brother. But today I was getting two new sort-of-brothers. I was getting a new stepdad too. Aku tidak memiliki kakak atau adik kandung perempuan atau laki-laki. Tapi hari ini aku mendapat dua saudara laki-laki baru. Bahkan, aku mendapat seorang ayah tiri pula.